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Compare Qatar (2003) - Arctic Ocean (2005)

Compare Qatar (2003) z Arctic Ocean (2005)

 Qatar (2003)Arctic Ocean (2005)
 QatarArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions 10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal -
Age structure 0-14 years: 24.7% (male 102,938; female 98,934)


15-64 years: 72.4% (male 415,302; female 176,183)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 17,199; female 6,496) (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish -
Airports 4 (2002) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: 11,437 sq km


land: 11,437 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 15.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $5 billion


expenditures: $5.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.2 billion (FY 02/03 est.)		 -
Capital Doha -
Climate arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 563 km 45,389 km
Constitution provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution; in the 29 April 2003 referendum, 96.6% of Qatari voters approved the new constitution -
Country name conventional long form: State of Qatar


conventional short form: Qatar


local long form: Dawlat Qatar


local short form: Qatar


note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar		 -
Currency Qatari rial (QAR) -
Death rate 4.43 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $15.4 billion (2002 est.) -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Maureen E. QUINN


embassy: Al-Luqtas District, 22 February Road, Doha


mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha


telephone: [974] 488 4101


FAX: [974] 488 4298		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA


chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016


telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600


FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061


consulate(s) general: Houston		 -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview Oil and gas account for more than 55% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Proved oil reserves of 14.5 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important to the economy. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 17.9 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total and third largest in the world. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore natural gas reserves. Since 2000, Qatar has consistently posted trade surpluses largely because of high oil prices and increased natural gas exports, and Qatar's economy is expected to receive an added boost as it begins to increase liquid natural gas exports. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 8.616 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 9.264 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% -
Exchange rates Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2002), 3.64 (2001), 3.64 (2000), 3.64 (1999), 3.64 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces


head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary


note: in April 2003, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in March 1999		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities petroleum products, fertilizers, steel -
Exports - partners Japan 40.1%, South Korea 16.6%, Singapore 8.2%, US 4.1% (2002) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side -
GDP purchasing power parity - $15.91 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 0.4%


industry: 67.6%


services: 32% (2000 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $20,100 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 4.6% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 25 30 N, 51 15 E 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Heliports 1 (2002) -
Highways total: 1,230 km


paved: 1,107 km


unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals -
Imports - partners France 17.8%, Japan 10.1%, US 8.5%, UK 8.3%, Germany 8%, Italy 6.7%, UAE 5.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2002) -
Independence 3 September 1971 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement -
Infant mortality rate total: 20.03 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 23.59 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 16.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.9% (2002) -
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 130 sq km (1998 est.) -
Judicial branch Court of Appeal -
Labor force 280,122 (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 60 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km		 -
Land use arable land: 1.27%


permanent crops: 0.27%


other: 98.46% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language -
Legal system discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters -
Legislative branch unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)


note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since; the new constitution provides for a 45-member Consultative Council, or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the amir would appoint the remaining members		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 73.14 years


male: 70.65 years


female: 75.76 years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 82.5%


male: 81.4%


female: 85% (2003 est.)		 -
Location Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Middle East Arctic Region
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line


territorial sea: 12 NM		 -
Merchant marine total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 638,815 GRT/995,096 DWT


ships by type: cargo 6, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1, UAE 3 (2002 est.)		 -
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $723 million (FY00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 10% (FY00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 320,835


note: includes non-nationals (2003 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 168,416 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 7,192 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 3 September (1971) -
Nationality noun: Qatari(s)


adjective: Qatari		 -
Natural hazards haze, dust storms, sandstorms common ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, fish sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 17.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Pipelines condensate 90 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 902 km; liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 722 km; oil/gas/water 41 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders none -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 817,052 (July 2003 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 2.87% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id) Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Muslim 95% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 2.36 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 2.65 male(s)/female


total population: 1.9 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: modern system centered in Doha


domestic: NA


international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 142,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 43,476 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus three repeaters) (2001) -
Terrain mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 3.02 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 2.7% (2001) -
Waterways none -
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